Recycling as a key of material circularity and societal acceptance Production of energy from renewable sources is one of the keys to face the ongoing environmental crisis. The intermittency of renewable energies (wind, solar) pushed the emergence of energy storage technologies and industries such as the battery industry for storage as electrical energy, or the hydrogen industry for storage as chemical energy. Hydrogen can be produced through water electrolysis during energy overproduction periods to be transported and used on a different location and time using fuel cells, and notably Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs). These devices can convert hydrogen back into electricity and only emit water and heat, however, they rely on the use of raw materials that are expensive and can be critical or pose environmental issues such as platinum group metals, and perfluorinated polymers. There is a necessity to guarantee the recyclability of the constitutive materials of new...
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